This means that an increasing share of one mode does not necessarily express a higher transport performance for that mode. The legal act defines categories of airports according to the passenger units handled per year.

The platform is source of research for academics, journalists, students and municipal technicians, as well as provides technical background for decision making regarding public transport. The road freight data used for this analysis have been adjusted to allow comparison with rail and inland waterways transport in terms of transport actually performed on the territory of each Member State.

Instead, this may be a result of noticeable drops in other modes.

More information on how this is done is available in the Table 2 shows the transport performance data used for the calculation of the modal split (modal shares are shown in Table 1). Good examples of this are Austria and Finland. Modal Comparisons 5.

It should be kept in mind that the modal split and the associated shares of each transport mode are calculated with the total transport performance by the inland modes as denominator. As Estonia has no inland waterways transport, the fall in the share of rail was directly reflected in a corresponding rise in the share of road (+17.5 pp).

Passenger unit is equivalent to either one passenger or 100 kilograms of freight and mail. In contrast, between 2013 and 2018, the tonne-kilometres performed by road increased in all countries, except Luxembourg (-6.3 %). The importance of rail transport in the Baltic States is evident. 3. Maritime transport came next, with almost a third of the total transport performance, followed by rail (13.0 %) and inland waterways (4.1 %). In order to calculate transport performance in tonne-kilometres for air transport, Eurostat is using a distance matrix that contains great circle distances (minimum distance on a spherical line) between airport pairs. The share of road has constantly increased between 2013 and 2018. In the past (especially in the USA) personal characteristics were considered to be the most important determinants of mode choice and attempts were made to apply modal split models immediately after trip generation.

In 2017, the share of rail transport decreased by 0.6 pp.

Most typical surveys refer to the main mode of transport used during trips to work.The following tables present the modal split of journeys to work. In 2017 and 2018, a small rebound was observed with a 1.5 pp increase in 2017 compared with previous year and 1.8 pp increase in 2018.

The advantage is that these models could be very accurate in the short run, if public transport is available and there is little congestion. In particular, the modal split obviously depends on the availability of a given mode.

It was 73.9 % in 2013 and 2014. The relative shares of road and maritime transport have increased by 0.3 pp and 0.9 pp from 2013 to 2018, while the share of rail and inland waterways transport have decreased (-0.2 pp and -1.1 pp, respectively) and the share of air transport remained unchanged. Table 3 lists the five main countries of origin of foreign hauliers performing international transport in each country in 2018. The share of Polish hauliers among the foreign hauliers is as high as 64.5 % in Slovakia, 59.9 % in Lithuania, 48.3 % in Romania, 47.6 % in Germany and 45.8 % in Czechia. The comparatively high shares of inland waterways freight transport in Romania (27.1 % in 2018) and Bulgaria (24.5 % in 2018) are in part explained by the extensive traffic on the Danube and in part by the ‘territorialisation’ of the road data. Modal Split in the United States by Passenger Travel Distance, 1995.

Increases, of more than 10 % were observed in 18 Member States and the United Kingdom.

The modal split presented in this publication is based on the total inland freight transport performance, expressed in tonne-kilometres. Modal split based on five transport modes: road competes with maritime at intra-EU level.